Lecture Notes 02: NetProto-work Protocols and Switching

Recap: Binary, Hexadecimal, Bits, and Bytes

NetProto-work Stack

Transport Layer

Layer specifications define characteristics such as voltage levels, the timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, modulation scheme, channel access method and physical connectors. .

Bit rate control is done at the physical layer and may define transmission mode as simplex (one-way walkie-talkie), half duplex (walkie-talkie), and full duplex (phone).

The components of a physical layer can be described in terms of a network topology. Physical layer specifications are included in the specifications for the ubiquitous Bluetooth, Ethernet, and USB standards.

Data-Link Layer

It provides node-to-node data transfer—a link between two directly connected nodes.

It detects and possibly corrects errors that may occur in the physical layer.

It defines the protocol to establish and terminate a connection between two physically connected devices.

It also defines the protocol for flow control between them.

Network Layer

Takes care of routing (bouncing in the direction of the final address).

Wireshark

Wireshark is a packet sniffer and analysis tool. It captures network traffic on the local network and stores that data for offline analysis. Wireshark captures network traffic from Ethernet, Bluetooth, Wireless (IEEE.802.11), Token Ring, Frame Relay connections, and more. You can watch the first 4 minutes of this video on Wireshark Intro